Its wide range in climate and geography make India one of the richest in flora with an estimated 45,000 species of flowering plants making up 6-7% of the world's total plant species. The medicinal potential of more than 3,000 Indian plants have made them a vital part of the ancient science of Ayurvedic medicine, which involves the use of herbs and other natural elements to help support the treatment of minor illnesses. Staple herbs that are known to maintain good health include Turmeric, Garlic, Ginger, Tulsi or Holy Basil, Indian Gooseberry, Winter Cherry, Indian Spikenard, and Neem. India contributes to 25% of the world's production of spices and oil seeds, making it one of the leading producers. It is especially known for spices such as Black Pepper, Ginger, Cardamom, and Cinnamon. Indian spices are internationally in demand and the major exports include Fenugreek, Chili, Mint, Coriander, Cumin, Turmeric, Cardamom, curry powder and paste, and spice oils. It supplies 80% of the world's oleoresins, including Celery, Clove, Coffee, Curry Leaf, Dill Seed, Fennel, Jalapeno Pepper, Mace, Mustard, Nutmeg, Rosemary, and Tamarind. Essential oils from India include Aniseed, Basil, Black Pepper, Cassia, Cedarwood, Citronella, Garlic, Ginger, Green Pepper, Horse Radish, Juniper Berry, Lemon Grass, Palmarosa, Parsley Seed, Spearmint, Thyme, Valerian Root, and Vetiver.
